A Historical Review of the Quantitative Development of Schools in Kerman City during the Second Pahlavi Era (with Emphasis on Executive Barriers and Challenges)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

10.22103/jic.2025.25069.1418

Abstract

The transformation of Iran’s educational system based on modern principles began during the Constitutional Revolution and continued until the end of the Second Pahlavi period. In this era, under the influence of progressive intellectual ideologies and the Shah’s policies, the educational system underwent extensive changes. Emphasis on compulsory education at various academic levels and the quantitative expansion of schools—particularly in the city of Kerman—was among the most significant aspects of these developments. This study examines the process of quantitative development of schools in Kerman during the Second Pahlavi era, focusing on the driving factors and the challenges encountered. The main research question addresses the impact of educational laws and policies of the time on the development of schools in Kerman. The findings, based on library research and the use of archival documents and press sources, indicate that despite the increase in the number of schools and students, educational quality remained unsatisfactory due to budget constraints and centralized governmental policies, especially in regions far from the capital such as Kerman. Financial shortages were evident even in school construction, necessitating the involvement of local institutions and individuals to make up for the deficits. Furthermore, the shortage of qualified teachers and instructors was another fundamental challenge facing Kerman’s educational system during this period.


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